This calculator is based on the Framingham Risk Score model, used to assess the 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Classification
| Risk Percentage | Risk Level | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| < 10% | Low Risk | Maintain a healthy lifestyle |
| 10% - 20% | Moderate Risk | Consider lifestyle intervention |
| > 20% | High Risk | Active intervention, possibly medication |
Indicator Explanation
Cardiovascular disease risk assessment predicts an individual's likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke) within the next 10 years. This calculator uses the Framingham Risk Score model, developed based on large-scale population study data and widely applied in clinical practice.
Assessment Factors
The Framingham Risk Score considers the following factors:
- Age: Cardiovascular disease risk increases with age
- Gender: Men generally have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than women
- Total Cholesterol: Level of total cholesterol in the blood
- HDL Cholesterol: "Good" cholesterol; higher levels are protective
- Systolic Blood Pressure: Blood pressure reading during heart contraction
- Hypertension Treatment: Whether currently receiving medication for high blood pressure
- Smoking Status: Smoking significantly increases cardiovascular disease risk
- Diabetes: Diabetic patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Calculation Method
The Framingham Risk Score uses a Cox proportional hazards regression model, assigning different weights to the above risk factors to calculate the 10-year probability of developing cardiovascular disease. The specific calculation formula is complex, involving multiple variables and coefficients, which are built into this calculator.
Usage Guide
- Enter your age (between 30-74 years)
- Select your gender
- Enter your most recent total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol test results (unit: mg/dL)
- Enter your systolic blood pressure (unit: mmHg)
- Select whether you are currently receiving hypertension treatment
- Select whether you smoke
- Select whether you have diabetes
- Click the "Calculate Risk" button to get the result
Precautions:
- This calculator is suitable for adults aged 30-74 years with no history of cardiovascular disease.
- This calculator is not applicable if you already have coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, or heart failure.
- The calculation results are for reference only and cannot replace professional medical advice.
- For unit conversion: Total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, 1 mmol/L ≈ 38.67 mg/dL.
Clinical Significance
Cardiovascular disease risk assessment helps to:
- Identify high-risk individuals and take preventive measures early
- Guide clinical decisions, such as whether to start statin therapy
- Improve patient awareness of cardiovascular health and promote lifestyle changes
- Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions
Risk Reduction Measures
- Maintain a healthy diet, reducing saturated fat and salt intake
- Engage in regular physical activity, at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week
- Quit smoking
- Limit alcohol intake
- Manage weight
- Manage chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol
References
- D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008;117(6):743-753.
- Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S49-S73.
- Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;97(18):1837-1847.
- Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e596-e646.
Disclaimer: This calculator is for reference only and cannot replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized health advice.